#Volutrauma vs barotrauma skin

When an overdistended alveolus ruptures, air is diffused into the perivascular adventitia, resulting in PIE. The two terms-barotrauma and volutrauma-reflect the two sides of the same phenomenon: the lung injury due to a large distending volume and/or to a high airway pressure ( 10- 19).Ĭlinical manifestations of barotrauma include pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum or pneumopericardium, air embolisation, tension lung cysts, and hyperinflated left lower lobe. Volutrauma is the term that describes ultrastructural lung injury due to overdistention occurring during mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, it seems that not only pressure, but high lung volume and lung hyperinflation as well, play a major role in barotrauma aetiology. According to the etymology, barotrauma refers only to high pressures. VALI and VILI can be divided into macrobarotrauma (the form of radiologically detected barotrauma) and microbarotrauma, with diffuse lung injury and possible injury of other organs due to release of inflammatory mediators-biotrauma. This is described as ventilator associated lung injury (VALI) or ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). The implementation of positive pressure ventilation predisposes an already affected lung-when certain limits are overcome-to injury. It is defined as the presence of extraalveolar air in locations, where it is not normally found in patients receiving mechanical ventilation ( 1- 9). Barotrauma must be considered as complication of the use of positive pressures in a tissue, where normal air movement is mainly passive. While human being is created, as other creatures, to breathe with a mechanism based on negative pressures, the patient on mechanical ventilation is ventilated with positive pressures, which is not physiological. Barotrauma due to overexpansion of an internal gas-filled space may also be termed volutrauma.Intubation and mechanical ventilation are common but aggressive therapeutic manoeuvres in anesthesia or in ICU setting. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a condition caused by over-expansion of the lungs by mechanical ventilation used when the body is unable to breathe for itself and is associated with relatively large tidal volumes and relatively high peak pressures.

īarotrauma typically occurs when the organism is exposed to a significant change in ambient pressure, such as when a scuba diver, a free-diver or an airplane passenger ascends or descends or during uncontrolled decompression of a pressure vessel such as a diving chamber or pressurized aircraft, but can also be caused by a shock wave. It is also classified under the broader term of dysbarism, which covers all medical conditions resulting from changes in ambient pressure.

Decompression illness is a term that includes decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism caused by lung overexpansion barotrauma. However, these bubbles form out of supersaturated solution from dissolved gases, and are not generally considered barotrauma. Decompression sickness is indirectly caused by ambient pressure reduction, and tissue damage is caused directly and indirectly by gas bubbles. Pressure difference between the environment and a gas-filled space in or in contact with the affected tissuesīarotrauma generally manifests as sinus or middle ear effects, lung overpressure injuries and injuries resulting from external squeezes.

#Volutrauma vs barotrauma skin

Eye and surrounding skin showing petechial and subconjunctival haemmorhages.Īrterial gas embolism, pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema Mild barotrauma to a diver caused by mask squeeze.

Squeeze, decompression illness, lung overpressure injury, volutrauma Quick facts: Barotrauma, Other names, Symptoms, Complicati.